In Hinduism, Ādityas (Sanskrit: आदित्य, pronounced [ɑːd̪it̪jɐ]), meaning "of Aditi", refers to the offspring of Aditi.[1] The name, Aditya,is used in the singular to mean the Sun God, Surya.
The Bhagavata Purana lists a total of twelve Adityas as Sun-gods. In each month of the year a different Aditya is said to shine. Each of these Adityas is a different expression of Lord Vishnu in the form of the Sun-God
Vedas
In the Rigveda, the Ādityas are the seven celestial deities, sons of Āditi,
Varuna
Mitra
Aryaman
Bhaga
Anśa or Aṃśa
Dhatri
Indra
Vayu (Mārtanda)
The eighth Āditya (Mārtanda) was rejected by Aditi, thus leaving only seven sons. In the Yajurveda (Taittirīya Samhita), their number is given as eight, and the last one is believed to be Vivasvān. Hymn LXXII of the Rig Veda, Book 10, also confirms that there are nine Adityas, the eighth one being Mārtanda, who is later revived as Vivasvān. [4]
"So with her eight Sons Aditi went forth to meet the earlier age. She brought Mārtanda thitherward to spring to life and die again."
The Ādityas of the Rig Veda are "devas", a distinct class of gods and are different from other groups such as the Maruts, the Rbhus or the Viśve-devāḥ (although Mitra and Varuna are also associated with the latter).
Bhagavata Purana
In the Bhagavata Purana, the names of 12 Adityas (Sun-Gods) are given as:
Varuna
Mitra
Aryama
Bhaga
Amshuman
Dhata
Indra
Parjanya (Savitr?)
Tvashtha
Vishnu (The head of all the Adityas)
Pushya
Vivasvan
In each month of the year, it is a different Aditya (Sun-God) who shines.[2] As Indra, Surya destroys the enemies of the gods. As Dhata, he creates living beings. As Parjanya, he showers down rain. As Tvashta, he lives in the trees and herbs. As Pusha, he makes foodgrains grow. As Aryama, he is in the wind. As Bhaga, he is in the body of all living beings. As Vivasvana, he is in fire and helps to cook food. As Vishnu, he destroys the enemies of the gods. As Amshumana, he is again in the wind. As Varuna, Surya is in the waters and As Mitra, he is in the moon and in the oceans.
Characterisation
The Adityas have been described in the Rig Veda as bright and pure as streams of water, free from all guile and falsehood, blameless, perfect.
This class of deities has been seen as upholding the movables and immovable Dharma. Adityas are beneficent gods who act as protectors of all beings, who are provident and guard the world of spirits and protect the world.In the form of Mitra-Varuna, the Adityas are true to the eternal Law and act as the exactors of debt.
In present day usage in Sanskrit, the term Aditya has been made singular in contrast to Vedic Adityas, and are being used synonymously with Surya, the Sun.
Linga Purana
According to the Linga Purana, the Adityas are:
Varuṇa
Mitra
Aryaman
Bhaga
Amshuman
Dhata
Indra
Savitṛ
Tvaṣṭṛ
Vishnu, head of the Adityas)
Pūṣan
Vivasvat
Vedanta and Puranic Hinduism
In the Chandogya Upanishad, Āditya is also a name of Viṣṇu, in his avatar as Vāmana. His mother is Aditi.
The Ādityas in the Vishnu Purana are:
Varuṇa
Mitra
Aryaman
Bhaga
Aṃśa
Dhūti
Śakra
Savitṛ
Tvaṣṭṛ
Vishnu (This Sun-God is the head of all the Adityas and is different from Lord Vishnu)
Pūṣan
Vivasvat
Brahmanas
The Vedas do not identify the Ādityas and there is no classification of the thirty-three gods, except for in the Yajurveda (7.19), which says there are eleven gods in heaven (light space), eleven gods in atmosphere (intermediate space), and eleven gods in earth (observer space). In the Satapatha Brahmana, the number of Ādityas is eight in some passages, and in other texts of the same Brahmana, twelve Adityas are mentioned.
The list of 12 Adityas is as follows:
Varuṇa
Mitra
Aryaman
Bhaga
Aṃśa
Dhātṛ
Indra
Savitṛ
Yama
Sūrya or Arka
Dakṣa
Ravi
Ahura-Mazda and Aditya
Vedas and Zoroastrian Avesta also have common name Ahura-Mazda, which may refer to some Vedic God (sometimes on Rigveda some demigods, devatas are worshipped by name "asura", which in Zoroastrianism is Ahura-Mazda. See also: Vishnu sahasranama (Aditya: 39 aadityah, 563 aadityah - Son of Aditi)
Source: Wikipedia
The Bhagavata Purana lists a total of twelve Adityas as Sun-gods. In each month of the year a different Aditya is said to shine. Each of these Adityas is a different expression of Lord Vishnu in the form of the Sun-God
Vedas
In the Rigveda, the Ādityas are the seven celestial deities, sons of Āditi,
Varuna
Mitra
Aryaman
Bhaga
Anśa or Aṃśa
Dhatri
Indra
Vayu (Mārtanda)
The eighth Āditya (Mārtanda) was rejected by Aditi, thus leaving only seven sons. In the Yajurveda (Taittirīya Samhita), their number is given as eight, and the last one is believed to be Vivasvān. Hymn LXXII of the Rig Veda, Book 10, also confirms that there are nine Adityas, the eighth one being Mārtanda, who is later revived as Vivasvān. [4]
"So with her eight Sons Aditi went forth to meet the earlier age. She brought Mārtanda thitherward to spring to life and die again."
The Ādityas of the Rig Veda are "devas", a distinct class of gods and are different from other groups such as the Maruts, the Rbhus or the Viśve-devāḥ (although Mitra and Varuna are also associated with the latter).
Bhagavata Purana
In the Bhagavata Purana, the names of 12 Adityas (Sun-Gods) are given as:
Varuna
Mitra
Aryama
Bhaga
Amshuman
Dhata
Indra
Parjanya (Savitr?)
Tvashtha
Vishnu (The head of all the Adityas)
Pushya
Vivasvan
In each month of the year, it is a different Aditya (Sun-God) who shines.[2] As Indra, Surya destroys the enemies of the gods. As Dhata, he creates living beings. As Parjanya, he showers down rain. As Tvashta, he lives in the trees and herbs. As Pusha, he makes foodgrains grow. As Aryama, he is in the wind. As Bhaga, he is in the body of all living beings. As Vivasvana, he is in fire and helps to cook food. As Vishnu, he destroys the enemies of the gods. As Amshumana, he is again in the wind. As Varuna, Surya is in the waters and As Mitra, he is in the moon and in the oceans.
Characterisation
The Adityas have been described in the Rig Veda as bright and pure as streams of water, free from all guile and falsehood, blameless, perfect.
This class of deities has been seen as upholding the movables and immovable Dharma. Adityas are beneficent gods who act as protectors of all beings, who are provident and guard the world of spirits and protect the world.In the form of Mitra-Varuna, the Adityas are true to the eternal Law and act as the exactors of debt.
In present day usage in Sanskrit, the term Aditya has been made singular in contrast to Vedic Adityas, and are being used synonymously with Surya, the Sun.
Linga Purana
According to the Linga Purana, the Adityas are:
Varuṇa
Mitra
Aryaman
Bhaga
Amshuman
Dhata
Indra
Savitṛ
Tvaṣṭṛ
Vishnu, head of the Adityas)
Pūṣan
Vivasvat
Vedanta and Puranic Hinduism
In the Chandogya Upanishad, Āditya is also a name of Viṣṇu, in his avatar as Vāmana. His mother is Aditi.
The Ādityas in the Vishnu Purana are:
Varuṇa
Mitra
Aryaman
Bhaga
Aṃśa
Dhūti
Śakra
Savitṛ
Tvaṣṭṛ
Vishnu (This Sun-God is the head of all the Adityas and is different from Lord Vishnu)
Pūṣan
Vivasvat
Brahmanas
The Vedas do not identify the Ādityas and there is no classification of the thirty-three gods, except for in the Yajurveda (7.19), which says there are eleven gods in heaven (light space), eleven gods in atmosphere (intermediate space), and eleven gods in earth (observer space). In the Satapatha Brahmana, the number of Ādityas is eight in some passages, and in other texts of the same Brahmana, twelve Adityas are mentioned.
The list of 12 Adityas is as follows:
Varuṇa
Mitra
Aryaman
Bhaga
Aṃśa
Dhātṛ
Indra
Savitṛ
Yama
Sūrya or Arka
Dakṣa
Ravi
Ahura-Mazda and Aditya
Vedas and Zoroastrian Avesta also have common name Ahura-Mazda, which may refer to some Vedic God (sometimes on Rigveda some demigods, devatas are worshipped by name "asura", which in Zoroastrianism is Ahura-Mazda. See also: Vishnu sahasranama (Aditya: 39 aadityah, 563 aadityah - Son of Aditi)
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